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Situation Guide

Move to Spain

Reviewed by Eric Provencio, Founder of VisaMind·Last verified February 23, 2026

19 min read

Family reunification, long-term residence, and permanent settlement in Spain.

Key takeaways

  • Explore skilled migration pathways that lead to permanent residence in Spain, each with unique criteria.
  • Consider the Golden Visa for investment opportunities in Spain, which offers a streamlined residency process.
  • Understand that Spanish citizenship typically requires 10 years of legal residency.
  • Plan for variable visa processing times, which can differ significantly by visa type.
  • Review financial requirements associated with different Spanish visa types to ensure you meet them.

Quick answers

Do I need a visa to move to Spain?
If you are a non-EU citizen, you will need a visa to move to Spain. The type of visa you require depends on your purpose of stay, such as family reunification, work, or retirement. Common visa types include the Family Reunification Visa and the Non-Lucrative Residence Visa. Ensure you have all necessary documents before applying.
Can I switch from a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa to a Work Visa in Spain?
Yes, you can switch from a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa to a Work Visa in Spain, but you must meet specific requirements. You need a job offer from a Spanish employer and approval from Spanish immigration authorities. It's important to apply for the change before your current visa expires to avoid legal issues.
How long does it take to get a Family Reunification Visa in Spain?
The processing time for a Family Reunification Visa in Spain typically takes 2 to 3 months. This timeline can vary based on the applicant's country of origin and the completeness of the application. Ensure all required documents, such as proof of relationship and financial stability, are submitted to avoid delays.

Why People Move to This Country

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Spain, a vibrant country known for its rich culture, stunning landscapes, and pleasant climate, attracts thousands of people each year seeking a new life. Whether you're considering a move for skilled employment, family reunification, investment opportunities, or a peaceful retirement, Spain offers diverse pathways to make this a reality.

Why Choose Spain for Skilled Migration?

One of the most compelling reasons skilled professionals move to Spain is the thriving job market in sectors such as technology, engineering, and healthcare. The country actively seeks to attract highly qualified workers through visas like the EU Blue Card and the Highly Qualified Visa. These visas cater to individuals with specialized skills, offering them a chance to contribute to and benefit from Spain's dynamic economy. For tech-savvy individuals, the rise of remote work has made Spain an attractive option for digital nomads, who can take advantage of the country's Digital Nomad Visa to live and work remotely in a beautiful setting.

Family and Investment: Building a Future in Spain

Spain's emphasis on family values is reflected in its immigration policies, making it a welcoming destination for those wishing to reunite with loved ones. The Family Reunification Visa enables families to come together, ensuring that personal ties are maintained even when separated by borders. Additionally, Spain offers the attractive Golden Visa program for investors, which grants residency to individuals who invest in Spanish real estate or businesses. This is an appealing option for those looking to secure a foothold in Europe while benefiting from the country's robust property market.

Is Spain the Ideal Retirement Destination?

With its warm climate, affordable cost of living, and high quality of life, Spain is increasingly becoming a top choice for retirees. The Non-Lucrative Residence Visa allows retirees to enjoy a leisurely lifestyle without the need to work, making it an ideal option for those who want to spend their golden years in a picturesque setting. From the sun-drenched beaches of Costa del Sol to the tranquil countryside of Andalusia, Spain offers a variety of landscapes where retirees can find their own slice of paradise.

In conclusion, Spain's diverse visa options and welcoming environment make it an attractive destination for individuals and families looking to start anew. Whether you're drawn by career opportunities, family connections, investment potential, or the allure of a peaceful retirement, Spain offers a pathway to fulfilling your dreams.

Family Reunification

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Family Reunification Visa Pathways for Spain

If you're planning to move to Spain and wish to bring your family along, understanding the available visa pathways is crucial. Spain offers several options for family reunification, including visas for spouses, partners, parents, and children. Here's a comparison of the main family reunification visas available for Spain:

Visa TypeEligibilityCostTimeline
Spouse VisaMarried to a Spanish citizen or resident€80 - €1502-6 months
Partner VisaIn a registered partnership with a Spanish citizen or resident€80 - €1502-6 months
Parent VisaParent of a Spanish citizen or resident€80 - €1502-6 months
Child VisaChild of a Spanish citizen or resident, under 18 years old€80 - €1502-6 months
Spouse and Partner Visa Requirements

For both Spouse and Partner Visas, the applicant must provide documentation proving the relationship, such as a marriage certificate or a registered partnership document. Additionally, you must demonstrate financial stability to support your family member during their stay in Spain. For more detailed guidance, consider the Family Reunification Visa guide.

Parent and Child Visa Considerations

To apply for a Parent Visa, the applicant must show that they are financially dependent on their child who is a Spanish resident or citizen. Meanwhile, the Child Visa is applicable for children under 18, and you must prove the parental relationship through birth certificates and other legal documents. For information on financial obligations, refer to the Financial Requirements guide.

Application Process
  1. Gather Required Documents: Collect all necessary documents, including proof of relationship, financial records, and identification.
  2. Submit Application: Apply through the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country.
  3. Attend an Interview: You may be required to attend an interview to further validate your application.
  4. Await Decision: Processing times can vary, but typically it takes between 2-6 months.

For additional support, check the Documents Checklist to ensure you have everything you need.

Potential Challenges

While the process is generally straightforward, there can be challenges, such as delays in processing times or additional documentation requests. For insights into possible issues, visit the Visa Refusal Reasons page.

Choosing the right visa pathway for family reunification is vital for a successful move to Spain. By understanding the eligibility, requirements, and processes involved, you can ensure a smoother transition for your family.

Skilled Migration Pathways

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Skilled Migration Pathways to Permanent Residence in Spain

Spain offers multiple pathways for skilled migrants seeking permanent residence, each with distinct criteria and processes. Whether you're sponsored by an employer, applying independently, or using a points-based system, understanding the options is key. Below, we compare three primary routes: EU Blue Card, Highly Qualified Professional Visa, and Digital Nomad Visa.

Visa TypeEligibilityCostTimeline to PR
EU Blue CardUniversity degree or 5+ years professional experienceApproximately €200 for initial application5 years
Highly Qualified Professional VisaJob offer from a recognized Spanish employer, meeting specific salary thresholdsApproximately €190 for initial application5 years
Digital Nomad VisaRemote work for a non-Spanish employer, proof of financial meansApproximately €150 for initial applicationNot directly to PR, but can lead to long-term residence
What Are the Eligibility Requirements?
EU Blue Card

To qualify for the EU Blue Card, you need a recognized university degree or at least five years of professional experience in your field. Additionally, you must have a job offer with a salary of at least 1.5 times the average gross annual salary in Spain. For more details, you can explore the EU Blue Card section on our website.

Highly Qualified Professional Visa

The Highly Qualified Professional Visa targets individuals with specialized skills and a confirmed job offer from a Spanish company. This visa requires meeting certain salary thresholds, which vary depending on the role and industry. You can find more information about this visa under the Highly Qualified Professional category.

Digital Nomad Visa

The Digital Nomad Visa is designed for remote workers who wish to reside in Spain while working for non-Spanish companies. Applicants need to demonstrate sufficient financial resources and comprehensive health insurance. Although this visa doesn’t directly lead to permanent residence, it offers a pathway to long-term residence.

How Does the Application Process Work?
  1. Select the Appropriate Visa: Determine which visa aligns with your qualifications and offer of employment.
  2. Gather Required Documents: This typically includes proof of qualifications, job offer, financial means, and health insurance. Refer to our Documents Checklist for a comprehensive list.
  3. Submit Your Application: Applications are usually filed at a Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country.
  4. Attend an Interview: Some visa types may require an interview to verify the provided information.
  5. Await Decision: Processing times can vary, so check our Processing Times guide for estimates.
Path to Permanent Residence

For both the EU Blue Card and Highly Qualified Professional Visa, you can apply for permanent residence after legally residing in Spain for five years. The Digital Nomad Visa, while initially not a direct path to permanent residence, can serve as a stepping stone towards long-term residence, eventually allowing you to apply for PR.

Considering these options can significantly impact your decision to move to Spain. Each visa type offers unique benefits and requirements, so it's essential to choose the one that best fits your career goals and personal circumstances. For further information on other pathways, you might want to explore alternatives like the Long-Term Residence or Golden Visa.

Investment and Business

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Investment Opportunities in Spain

Spain offers a variety of visa options for those looking to invest or start a business in the country. Among these, the Golden Visa is a particularly attractive option for high-net-worth individuals. This visa allows you to reside in Spain in exchange for a significant investment in real estate, business, or government bonds. Typically, the minimum investment for real estate is €500,000. The Golden Visa not only grants you residency but also allows you to travel freely within the Schengen Zone. For more detailed comparisons between this and other visa types, you can refer to the Golden Visa Vs Entrepreneur guide.

Business and Entrepreneurial Visas

If you're looking to start a business or invest in an existing one, the Entrepreneur Visa could be the right fit. This visa is designed for those who wish to develop innovative projects in Spain. Your business plan will be evaluated based on its economic impact and innovation level. The Entrepreneur Visa can be a stepping stone to long-term residency, especially if your business thrives and grows. If you're considering this option, you might want to compare it to the National Work Visa in terms of requirements and benefits.

Steps to Obtain an Investment Visa
  1. Determine Eligibility: Evaluate your financial capacity and the type of investment or business you wish to pursue.
  2. Prepare Documentation: Collect necessary documents such as your investment proof, business plan, and personal identification. Check the Documents Checklist for specifics.
  3. Submit Application: Apply through the appropriate Spanish consulate or embassy. Be prepared for an interview where you might need to discuss your investment plans.
  4. Await Approval: Processing times can vary, so consult the Processing Times guide to know what to expect.
  5. Complete the Investment: Upon approval, finalize your investment within the stipulated timeframe to ensure compliance with visa requirements.

By choosing the right visa and preparing thoroughly, you can take advantage of Spain's dynamic economy and vibrant culture. Whether through the Golden Visa or an Entrepreneur Visa, each pathway offers unique benefits tailored to different investment strategies.

Retirement Pathways

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Retirement in Spain: Exploring Your Options

Spain, with its warm climate and rich culture, is an attractive destination for retirees from around the globe. While Spain does not offer a specific retirement visa, you can still find pathways to enjoy your golden years here. One of the most popular options is the Non-Lucrative Residence Visa, which allows you to reside in Spain without engaging in any professional or lucrative activities. This visa is ideal for retirees who have sufficient financial means to support themselves.

What is the Non-Lucrative Residence Visa?

The Non-Lucrative Residence Visa is a viable option for those wishing to retire in Spain. This visa requires you to prove that you have adequate financial resources to cover your living expenses without working. Typically, you will need to demonstrate a regular monthly income, which could come from pensions, savings, or investments. To begin the application process, you may want to consult the How To Apply guide for detailed steps.

Transitioning to Long-Term Residence

Once you have settled in Spain with a non-lucrative visa, you may consider applying for Long-Term Residence after five years. This status grants you the right to reside and work in Spain under similar conditions to Spanish citizens. The Long Term Residence guide provides further insights on how to transition to this more permanent residency option.

Other Considerations

If you have family members who wish to join you, the Family Reunification Visa can be a viable pathway. It's important to familiarize yourself with the Family Reunification options to ensure a smooth process for bringing loved ones to Spain. For a comprehensive overview of retiring in Spain, consult the Retirement Guide to help navigate your new life in this beautiful country.

The Permanent Residence Process

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Understanding the Permanent Residence Process in Spain

Gaining permanent residence in Spain is an important milestone for those looking to make the country their long-term home. This status allows you to enjoy many of the benefits of Spanish citizens, such as working freely within the country. Below is a detailed guide to the timeline, requirements, and conditions for obtaining permanent residence in Spain.

Steps to Obtain Permanent Residence
  1. Initial Residency Requirement:
    To apply for permanent residence, you must first have legally resided in Spain for a continuous period of five years. This time must be spent under a qualifying visa or residence permit, such as a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa or Family Reunification Visa.

  2. Apply for Long-Term Residence:
    After meeting the five-year residency requirement, you can apply for a Long-Term Residence permit. This involves submitting an application form, typically the EX-11, along with the required documentation.

  3. Submit Required Documentation:
    Gather and submit the necessary documents, which commonly include proof of continuous residency in Spain, a valid passport, and evidence of financial stability. You may also need to provide a police clearance certificate from your home country and proof of health insurance. For a comprehensive list, refer to the Documents Checklist.

  4. Attend an Appointment:
    Once your application is ready, you need to schedule an appointment with the immigration office to submit your documents. Make sure to bring all original copies and be prepared for an interview if necessary.

  5. Await Decision:
    Processing times can vary, but you should expect to wait several months for a decision on your application. You can find more details on what to expect during this period in the Processing Times guide.

  6. Receive Permanent Resident Card:
    If your application is approved, you will receive a permanent resident card. This card must be renewed every five years, but it does not require you to prove financial means or health insurance again.

Conditions and Requirements for Permanent Residence
  • Residency Continuity: You must not have left Spain for more than 10 months in total during the five-year qualifying period. Certain exceptions may apply for family or work-related reasons.

  • Legal and Economic Stability: Demonstrating that you have the means to support yourself and any dependents is crucial. This can be shown through employment, savings, or pension income.

  • Integration into Spanish Society: While not always a formal requirement, proving integration into Spanish society, such as language proficiency or community involvement, can support your application.

  • Specific Visa Conditions: If your residency was under specific circumstances, such as the Golden Visa, ensure you meet any additional criteria related to that permit type.

Understanding these steps and requirements can help you effectively plan your path to permanent residency in Spain. For more personalized guidance, consider checking out the How To Apply guide for further details.

Citizenship

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How Long Does It Take to Become a Spanish Citizen?

To apply for Spanish citizenship, you generally need to have lived in Spain for a minimum of 10 years as a legal resident. However, there are exceptions to this rule. For instance, citizens of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, and those of Sephardic origin are eligible to apply after just 2 years of residency. Additionally, refugees can apply after 5 years.

Those residing in Spain with a Long-Term Residence visa or similar status can use this time towards their residency requirement for citizenship. You can learn more about long-term residency options here.

What Tests Are Required?

Applicants for Spanish citizenship must pass two tests:

  1. DELE A2 or Higher: This is a Spanish language test that ensures you have at least an elementary level of Spanish. If you're already fluent, you can opt for a higher level test.
  2. CCSE (Constitutional and Sociocultural Aspects): This test assesses your knowledge of Spanish society, culture, and constitutional principles.

Both tests are mandatory unless you're a native Spanish speaker.

Can You Hold Dual Citizenship?

Spain generally does not allow dual citizenship, meaning you may have to renounce your original nationality to become a Spanish citizen. However, there are exceptions for citizens of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, and Equatorial Guinea, who are allowed to retain their original nationality.

If you're considering maintaining dual citizenship, you may want to consult specific guidelines or legal advice on the Golden Visa Vs Entrepreneur options, which sometimes offer pathways that allow more flexibility with dual citizenship.

Steps to Apply for Spanish Citizenship
  1. Complete Residency Requirements: Ensure you meet the residency requirement specific to your situation.
  2. Pass Required Tests: Register and pass the DELE and CCSE exams.
  3. Gather Documentation: Compile necessary documents, potentially using the How To Apply guide as a reference.
  4. Submit Application: Fill out the required forms, such as EX-11, and submit them to the relevant Spanish authorities.

Understanding the intricacies of Spanish citizenship can be complex, but with the right preparation and knowledge of the requirements, you can navigate this process successfully.

Cost and Financial Requirements

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Financial Requirements for Moving to Spain

When planning to move to Spain, understanding the financial requirements associated with different visa types is crucial. Whether you are considering a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa, a Golden Visa, or applying for Long-Term Residence, each option has unique financial criteria that you need to meet.

Settlement Funds and Income Thresholds

The amount of financial resources required varies significantly depending on the visa type. Below is a comparison table highlighting the key financial requirements for three popular visa types:

Visa TypeEligibilityMinimum Financial RequirementAnnual Income Threshold
Non-Lucrative Residence VisaIndividuals not engaging in economic activity€25,560 per year (approx.) for the applicantNo income; only proof of funds needed
Golden VisaInvestors in SpainMinimum €500,000 investment in real estateNot applicable
Long-Term ResidenceResidents in Spain for over five yearsConsistent financial means similar to €25,560Demonstration of stable income required
Investment Amounts for the Golden Visa

The Golden Visa is particularly popular among investors. To qualify, you need to invest a minimum of €500,000 in Spanish real estate. This visa is an attractive option for those looking to gain residency through investment, offering a straightforward path to residency for substantial investors. More details on the Golden Visa can be found in our related guides.

Additional Considerations

For those applying for the Non-Lucrative Residence Visa, it's important to note that while you do not need to demonstrate ongoing income, you must provide proof of having substantial funds available to support your stay in Spain. Comparatively, the Long-Term Residence option requires proof of a stable income to ensure self-sufficiency while residing in the country.

For further insights into the financial stipulations and visa pathways, our Financial Requirements Guide and comparison articles such as Digital Nomad Vs Non-Lucrative offer valuable resources. Understanding these requirements will help you choose the best visa option aligned with your financial situation and long-term goals in Spain.

Common Challenges

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Processing Times
  • Variable Timelines: Processing times for Spanish visas can vary significantly based on the type of visa you are applying for. For instance, a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa may take several weeks to process, whereas a Digital Nomad Visa might be quicker.
  • Delayed Responses: It's not uncommon to experience delays, especially during peak application periods. It's advisable to check the Processing Times guide for more current estimates.
  • Follow Up: You may need to follow up with the consulate or embassy if your application is taking longer than expected. Ensure you have all your documentation ready as outlined in the Documents Checklist.
Financial Requirements
  • Proof of Funds: You must demonstrate sufficient financial means when applying for visas like the Non-Lucrative Residence Visa. This typically involves showing bank statements or other financial documents.
  • Minimum Income: For certain visas, you might need to prove a minimum annual income. Check the specific requirements in the Financial Requirements guide.
  • Additional Costs: Be prepared for additional costs such as visa fees, health insurance, and potential legal assistance, especially if you're applying for complex visas like the Golden Visa.
Language Tests
  • Basic Proficiency: While not always mandatory, demonstrating basic Spanish proficiency can be beneficial, especially for long-term residence options.
  • DELE Certification: Some visas, like the Long-Term Residence visa, might require or recommend a DELE (Diplomas of Spanish as a Foreign Language) certificate as proof of your Spanish language skills.
  • Language Courses: Consider enrolling in language courses before your move. This not only helps in meeting visa requirements but also eases your integration into Spanish society. For more details, view our guide on How To Apply.

Navigating these challenges requires careful planning and up-to-date information, so make sure to explore our Visa Refusal Reasons guide to avoid common pitfalls.

Real Scenarios

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What Are Real-Life Experiences of Moving to Spain?

Imagine you are an entrepreneur eyeing the vibrant markets of Barcelona to expand your business. With the Entrepreneur Visa in hand, you move to Spain and immerse yourself in the dynamic startup ecosystem. As you navigate through Spain's business landscape, you meet other international entrepreneurs who have also utilized this visa to establish their enterprises. The city's support for innovation through events and co-working spaces helps your business flourish, illustrating how the Entrepreneur Visa can be a gateway to success for ambitious professionals.

In another scenario, consider a retiree from the United States seeking a serene yet culturally rich environment. Armed with a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa, you settle in the picturesque town of Ronda. The visa allows you to live in Spain without engaging in any professional activities. Your days are filled with exploring local history and savoring Spanish cuisine, while the visa's requirements ensure you have sufficient financial means to enjoy a comfortable retirement. For those intrigued by the nuances between the Digital Nomad Visa and the Non-Lucrative Visa, the Digital Nomad Vs Non Lucrative Guide can offer clarity on which path suits your lifestyle best.

How Do Families Reunite in Spain?

Reunification is a vital aspect for many families. Suppose you have moved to Spain on a National Work Visa and now wish for your family to join you. Through the Family Reunification Visa, your spouse and children can relocate to Spain. This visa requires you to demonstrate adequate housing and financial stability. With your family by your side, life in Spain becomes more fulfilling, and you can explore the rich cultural tapestry together. For those considering this option, understanding the Visa Extension Guide will be crucial in ensuring continued residency for your loved ones.

These scenarios underscore the diverse pathways available for relocating to Spain, each offering unique opportunities and experiences tailored to individual needs.

FAQs

How much does a Spain visa cost?
The cost of a Spain visa varies depending on the type and duration. A standard Non-Lucrative Residence Visa typically costs around €80, while fees for other visas, such as family or work visas, may differ. It's advisable to check the latest fees on the official Spanish consulate website before applying.
What happens if my visa application for Spain is rejected?
If your visa application for Spain is rejected, you will receive a notification explaining the reasons. You can appeal the decision within a specified period, usually 1 month, or reapply with corrected documentation. Understanding the reason for rejection is crucial to address any issues in your next application.
Can I work in Spain with a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa?
A Non-Lucrative Residence Visa does not permit you to work in Spain. This visa type is intended for individuals who can support themselves financially without engaging in employment. If you wish to work, consider applying for a Work Visa or switching visa categories after meeting eligibility criteria.
How long does it take to obtain permanent residence in Spain?
Obtaining permanent residence in Spain usually requires residing in the country for at least 5 consecutive years with a valid residence permit. During this period, you must not leave Spain for more than 10 months in total. Meeting these conditions is essential for a successful permanent residence application.
What are the financial requirements for the Non-Lucrative Residence Visa in Spain?
To qualify for a Non-Lucrative Residence Visa in Spain, you must demonstrate financial means to support yourself. This generally requires proof of income or savings equivalent to 400% of the IPREM, which is approximately €27,000 annually. Additional funds are needed for each dependent joining you.
Can I apply for Spanish citizenship after obtaining permanent residence?
After holding permanent residence for a certain period, typically 10 years, you can apply for Spanish citizenship. The process involves demonstrating integration into Spanish society, including language proficiency and knowledge of Spanish culture. Exceptions apply for citizens from Ibero-American countries, where the requirement is reduced to 2 years.
How can I reunite with my family in Spain?
To reunite with your family in Spain, you can apply for a Family Reunification Visa. Eligibility requires being a legal resident in Spain, having sufficient financial resources, and suitable accommodation. The process involves submitting documents like proof of relationship and residency, with applications typically processed within 2 to 3 months.
Important

VisaMind provides informational guidance only and is not a government agency. This is not legal advice. Requirements can change and eligibility depends on your specific facts. If your case is complex or high-stakes, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

Next steps

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